Armintza (Bizkaia) 2 – Fujian (Txina) 384

Itsas aerosorgailuen arteko liga

Pasa den astelehenean (2023/09/18) jarri da martxan itsasoan (offshore), Armintza parean, argindarra ekoizteko aerosorgailu bat, DemoSATH izena daraman proiektuaren barnean. Izatez, flotagarria da (espainiar estatuko lehendabizikoa) eta esperimentazio-fase horretan 2 MW-ko energia ekoiztea lortu du.

Hamabost egun lehenago (2023/09/01) Txinako Fujian-en parean, Taiwan-eko itsasartean, beste aerosorgailu batek (Goldwind GWH252–16MW) inoiz eman den ekoizpenik handiena lortu zuen 24 ordutan: 384,10 MW

Lehen begiratuan, beraz, handi samarra dirudi aerosorgailu bien ekoizpen-desberdintasunak. Baina, ez kasualitatez, badira horretara bideratzen dituzten bestelako alderdi batzuk ere. Honatx

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Armintza (Bizkaia)

Albistearen arabera, aerosorgailua kostatik lau bat kilometrora jarrita dago eta 85 metroko sakoneran ainguratu dute. Haize-indarrari dagokionez, badirudi 3 eta 25 metro/segundoko abiadura jasan ahal izateko prestatua dela eta, bestenaz, 17 metroko olatuak ere jasan litzakeela.

Errotoreak 96 metroko diametroa ei du eta, gorago esan bezala, momentuz 2 MW besterik ez du ekoizten, nahiz eta, diotenez, aski izango bailitzateke kopuru hori 2.000 etxebizitzaren argindar-kontsumoa asetzeko.

2026rako beste hiru aerosorgailu eraiki nahi bide dituzte teknologia berdintsuarekin, bakoitza 15 MWekoa. Dena den, prentsa ez dator bat zenbat etxebizitzarentzako energia sortuko duten hiru aerosorgailu horiek, batzuk 50.000rentzako izango dela dioten bitartean, beste batzuk 60.000rentzako izango dela zehazten batitute.

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Fujian (Txina)

Munduko energia-ekoizpenaren arloan 384,10 MW-eko errekorra eskuratu duen aerosorgailuak 152 metroko garaierako dorrea dauka. Aramaion jarri nahi direnak baino berrogeita hamar metro txikiagoa da, hortaz. 

Guztiarekin ere, une honetan munduko aerosorgailurik indartsuena ei da potentziaren ikuspuntutik (16 MW). Hiru palen tamaina ere harritzeko modukoa da, bakoitzak 54na tonako pisua baitauka eta 123na metroko luzera.

Horren ondorioz, 252 metrokoa da errotorearen diametroa eta 50.000 m2-ko aire-esparru biribila hartzen du dabilenean (sei bat futbol-zelairen zabalera), bira bakoitzean 34,2 kWh ekoiztuz. 

Aldi berean, itsasarte estu samar batean kokatuta egoteak haizearen tunel-efektua baliatzeko aukera ere ematen dio aerosorgailuari, ez baitituzte txinatarek gutxiesteko bertan dabiltzan haize bortitzak: 51 km/h eta gehiagoko abiadura urtean berrehun bat egunetan. Nolanahi ere, 287 km/h-ko haizeteei aurre egiteko prestatua bide dago haize-errota. Eta ez da gutxi, azken mende erdian Ipar-mendebaldeko Ozeano Barean izandako tifoirik bortitzenak (1979an gertatuak) 260 km/h-ko abiadura hartu baitzuen.

Haize-zirimolen probestea dela eta, gogoratu behar da oraingoan Fujianen lortu den energia-ekoizpen erraldoia ere Haikui tifoiari esker iritsi dutela.

Txinatarren iritziz, aerosorgailu bakar horrek lortu berri dituen 384,10 MWek 170.000 etxebizitzaren eguneroko kontsumoa ase lezakete erraz asko. Bistan da, baina, etxebizitza gehiagoren kontsumoa ziurtatuko lukeela aerosorgailu txinatarrak Armintzako aerosorgailuetarako kalkulatutako proportzioa aplikatuko balitzaio: mila etxebizitza megawatt bakoitzeko.

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Fujian-eko energia-errekorrak atzean utzi du hogei egun lehenago (2023/08/10) Vestas-ek Jutlandian eraikitako aerosorgailuak (V236–15MW) egun batean ekoiztutako elektrizitate-kopurua, 363 MW-ekoa izan baitzen “soilik”. Baina hori ere, nabarmena da, gure Armintzakoaren aurretik legoke offshoreen ligan.

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Errekorren atalean, halaz ere, laster asko izango omen dira merkatuan orain arteko langak erraz gaindi ditzaketen turbina eoliko flotagarriak, batez ere energia-ekoizpenaren maximizatzeari eta kostuen merkatzeari dagozkienak. 

TouchWind enpresa holandarrak diseinatu du interesgarrienetako bat: sakonera handiko itsaso zabalean jartzeko prestatua, buia handi batek orekatuko duen kupel moduko oinarri flotagarri baten gaineko zutoin inklinatuan ezarria egongo da ohiko bi palaren luzerako pala bakar bat (200 metro luze) daraman modeloa.

Enpresak adierazi duenez, ekonomikoki hiru palako aerosorgailuen % 30 besterik ez da izango berriaren kostua eta, hori gutxi balitz bezala, oso erraza suertatuko da palaren luzera har dezaketen kaietan eraikitzea ere. Horrezaz gainera, 252 km/h abiadurako haizeak ere balia litzake energia sortzeko. Konparaziorako, gaur egun Euskal Herrian jartzen ari diren ohiko turbinak itzali egiten dira 90 km/h abiadura hartzen duen haizearekin.

Kategoria: Aerosorgailuak. Gorde lotura.

118 erantzun Armintza (Bizkaia) 2 – Fujian (Txina) 384-ri

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